Geschachtelte Werttypen

Geschachtelte Werttypen können gelegentlich geändert werden, wenn Sie annehmen, dass Sie eine Version des Typs weitergegeben haben, der das Original nicht ändern kann. Bei der Rückgabe eines geschachtelten Werttyps wird ein Verweis auf den Werttyp selbst, nicht auf eine Kopie des Werttyps zurückgegeben. Dadurch kann der Code, der Ihren Code aufruft, den Wert der Variablen ändern.

Das folgende Beispiel veranschaulicht das Ändern eines geschachtelten Werttyps anhand eines Verweises.

Imports System
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Reflection.Emit
Imports System.Threading
Imports System.Collections

 _
Class bug
    ' Suppose you have an API element that exposes a 
    ' field through a property with only a get accessor.
    Public m_Property As Object
    
    Public Property [Property]() As [Object]
        Get
            Return m_Property
        End Get
        Set
            m_Property = value ' (if applicable)
        End Set
    End Property
    ' You can modify the value of j by using 
    ' the byref method with this signature.
    Public Shared Sub m1(ByRef j As Integer)
        j = Int32.MaxValue
    End Sub 
    
    Public Shared Sub m2(ByRef j As ArrayList)
        j = New ArrayList()
    End Sub 'm2
    
    'Entry point that delegates to C-style main private function.
    Public Overloads Shared Sub Main()
        Main(System.Environment.GetCommandLineArgs())
    End Sub
    
    Overloads Public Shared Sub Main(args() As [String])
        Console.WriteLine("////// doing this with a value type")
        If (True) Then
            Dim b As New bug()
            b.m_Property = 4
            Dim objArr() As [Object] = {b.Property}
            Console.WriteLine(b.m_Property)
            GetType(bug).GetMethod("m1").Invoke(Nothing, objArr)
            ' Note that the property changes.
            Console.WriteLine(b.m_Property)
            Console.WriteLine(objArr(0))
        End If
        Console.WriteLine("////// doing this with a normal type")
        If (True) Then
            Dim b As New bug()
            Dim al As New ArrayList()
            al.Add("elem")
            b.m_Property = al
            Dim objArr() As [Object] = {b.Property}
            Console.WriteLine(CType(b.m_Property, ArrayList).Count)
            GetType(bug).GetMethod("m2").Invoke(Nothing, objArr)
            ' Note that the property does not change.
            Console.WriteLine(CType(b.m_Property, ArrayList).Count)
            Console.WriteLine(CType(objArr(0), ArrayList).Count)
        End If
    End Sub 
End Class 
[C#]
using System; 
using System.Reflection; 
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Threading; 
using System.Collections; 
class bug {
// Suppose you have an API element that exposes a 
// field through a property with only a get accessor.
public object m_Property;
public Object Property {
    get { return m_Property;}
    set {m_Property = value;} // (if applicable)
}
// You can modify the value of j by using 
// the byref method with this signature.
public static void m1( ref int j ) {
    j = Int32.MaxValue;
}
public static void m2( ref ArrayList j )
{
    j = new ArrayList();
}
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    Console.WriteLine( "////// doing this with a value type" );
    {
        bug b = new bug();
        b.m_Property = 4;
        Object[] objArr = new Object[]{b.Property};
        Console.WriteLine( b.m_Property );
        typeof(bug).GetMethod( "m1" ).Invoke( null, objArr );
        // Note that the property changes.
        Console.WriteLine( b.m_Property ); 
        Console.WriteLine( objArr[0] );
    }
    Console.WriteLine( "////// doing this with a normal type" );
    {
        bug b = new bug();
        ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
        al.Add("elem");
        b.m_Property = al;
        Object[] objArr = new Object[]{b.Property};
        Console.WriteLine( ((ArrayList)(b.m_Property)).Count );
        typeof(bug).GetMethod( "m2" ).Invoke( null, objArr );
        // Note that the property does not change.
        Console.WriteLine( ((ArrayList)(b.m_Property)).Count ); 
        Console.WriteLine( ((ArrayList)(objArr[0])).Count );
    }
}
}

Der vorangehende Code zeigt Folgendes an der Konsole an:

////// doing this with a value type
4
2147483647
2147483647
////// doing this with a normal type
1
1
0

Siehe auch

Richtlinien für das Schreiben von sicherem Code