Define "long time"? Some changes do not take immediate effect, as they might need to be replicated across the service. Others, such as mailbox-level permissions, rely on autodiscover, so it will take time for the client to reflect them. The most extreme case would be changes to the Offline Global address book, which can take up to 48h to reflect in Outlook. Usually, it's much faster to confirm such changes via OWA.
What I'm trying to say above is that it's normal/expected to have some delay. Now, if you are seeing delays in the range of days and such, you might be facing some service-side issues, so best open a support case.